Luma3DS-3GX/source/firm.c

/*
*   firm.c
*/

#include "firm.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include "fs.h"
#include "patches.h"
#include "memory.h"
#include "emunand.h"
#include "crypto.h"
#include "draw.h"
#include "screeninit.h"
#include "buttons.h"
#include "../build/patches.h"

static firmHeader *const firm = (firmHeader *)0x24000000;
static const firmSectionHeader *section;

u32 config,
    console,
    firmSource,
    emuOffset;

u64 chronoWhenSplashLoaded = 0;

void main(void)
{
    u32 bootType,
        firmType,
        nandType,
        a9lhMode,
        updatedSys,
        needConfig,
        newConfig,
        emuHeader;
    
    startChrono(0); //Start the chronometer. It shouldn't be reset.

    //Detect the console being used
    console = PDN_MPCORE_CFG == 7;

    //Mount filesystems. CTRNAND will be mounted only if/when needed
    mountFs();

    const char configPath[] = "/luma/config.bin";

    //Attempt to read the configuration file
    needConfig = fileRead(&config, configPath) ? 1 : 2;

    //Determine if this is a firmlaunch boot
    if(*(vu8 *)0x23F00005)
    {
        if(needConfig == 2) mcuReboot();

        bootType = 1;

        //'0' = NATIVE_FIRM, '1' = TWL_FIRM, '2' = AGB_FIRM
        firmType = *(vu8 *)0x23F00009 == '3' ? 3 : *(vu8 *)0x23F00005 - '0';

        nandType = BOOTCONFIG(0, 3);
        firmSource = BOOTCONFIG(2, 1);
        a9lhMode = BOOTCONFIG(3, 1);
        updatedSys = a9lhMode && CONFIG(1);
    }
    else
    {
        //Get pressed buttons
        u32 pressed = HID_PAD;

        //If no configuration file exists or SELECT is held, load configuration menu
        if(needConfig == 2 || (pressed & BUTTON_SELECT))
        {
            configureCFW(configPath);

            //Zero the last booted FIRM flag
            CFG_BOOTENV = 0;

            //Update pressed buttons
            pressed = HID_PAD;
        }

        bootType = 0;
        firmType = 0;

        //Determine if booting with A9LH
        u32 a9lhBoot = !PDN_SPI_CNT;

        //Determine if A9LH is installed and the user has an updated sysNAND
        if(a9lhBoot || CONFIG(2))
        {
            a9lhMode = 1;
            updatedSys = CONFIG(1);
        }
        else
        {
            a9lhMode = 0;
            updatedSys = 0;
        }

        newConfig = a9lhMode << 3;

        if(a9lhBoot)
        {
            //Retrieve the last booted FIRM
            u32 previousFirm = CFG_BOOTENV;

            //If it's a MCU reboot, try to force boot options
            if(previousFirm)
            {
                //Always force a sysNAND boot when quitting AGB_FIRM
                if(previousFirm == 7)
                {
                    nandType = 0;
                    firmSource = updatedSys ? 0 : BOOTCONFIG(2, 1);
                    needConfig--;

                    //Flag to prevent multiple boot options-forcing
                    newConfig |= 1 << 4;
                }

                /* Else, force the last used boot options unless a payload button or A/L/R are pressed
                    or the no-forcing flag is set */
                else if(!(pressed & OVERRIDE_BUTTONS) && !BOOTCONFIG(4, 1))
                {
                    nandType = BOOTCONFIG(0, 3);
                    firmSource = BOOTCONFIG(2, 1);
                    needConfig--;
                }
            }

            //If the SAFE MODE combo is held, force a sysNAND boot
            else if(pressed == SAFE_MODE)
            {
                a9lhMode++;
                nandType = 0;
                firmSource = 0;
                needConfig--;
            }
        }

        //Boot options aren't being forced
        if(needConfig)
        {
            /* If L and R/A/Select or one of the single payload buttons are pressed,
               chainload an external payload */
            if((pressed & SINGLE_PAYLOAD_BUTTONS) || ((pressed & BUTTON_L1) && (pressed & L_PAYLOAD_BUTTONS)))
                loadPayload(pressed);

            //If screens are inited or the corresponding option is set, load splash screen
            if(PDN_GPU_CNT != 1 || CONFIG(7)) chronoWhenSplashLoaded = (u64) loadSplash();
            if(chronoWhenSplashLoaded) chronoWhenSplashLoaded = chrono(); 
            
            //If R is pressed, boot the non-updated NAND with the FIRM of the opposite one
            if(pressed & BUTTON_R1)
            {
                nandType = updatedSys;
                firmSource = !nandType;
            }

            /* Else, boot the NAND the user set to autoboot or the opposite one, depending on L,
               with their own FIRM */
            else
            {
                nandType = CONFIG(0) != !(pressed & BUTTON_L1);
                firmSource = nandType;
            }

            /* If we're booting emuNAND the second emuNAND is set as default and B isn't pressed,
               or vice-versa, boot the second emuNAND */
            if(nandType && (CONFIG(3) == !(pressed & BUTTON_B))) nandType++;
        }
    }

    //If we need to boot emuNAND, make sure it exists
    if(nandType)
    {
        getEmunandSect(&emuOffset, &emuHeader, &nandType);
        if(!nandType) firmSource = 0;
    }

    //Same if we're using emuNAND as the FIRM source
    else if(firmSource)
        getEmunandSect(&emuOffset, &emuHeader, &firmSource);

    if(!bootType)
    {
        newConfig |= nandType | (firmSource << 2);

        /* If the boot configuration is different from previously, overwrite it.
           Just the no-forcing flag being set is not enough */
        if((newConfig & 0x2F) != (config & 0x3F))
        {
            //Preserve user settings (last 26 bits)
            newConfig |= config & 0xFFFFFFC0;

            fileWrite(&newConfig, configPath, 4);
        }
    }

    loadFirm(firmType, !firmType && updatedSys == !firmSource);

    switch(firmType)
    {
        case 0:
            patchNativeFirm(nandType, emuHeader, a9lhMode);
            break;
        case 3:
            patchSafeFirm();
            break;
        default:
            patchLegacyFirm(firmType);
            break;
    }

    launchFirm(!firmType, bootType);
}

static inline void loadFirm(u32 firmType, u32 externalFirm)
{
    section = firm->section;

    u32 externalFirmLoaded = externalFirm &&
                             fileRead(firm, "/luma/firmware.bin") &&
                             (((u32)section[2].address >> 8) & 0xFF) == (console ? 0x60 : 0x68);

    /* If the conditions to load the external FIRM aren't met, or reading fails, or the FIRM
       doesn't match the console, load FIRM from CTRNAND */
    if(!externalFirmLoaded)
    {
        const char *firmFolders[4][2] = {{ "00000002", "20000002" },
                                         { "00000102", "20000102" },
                                         { "00000202", "20000202" },
                                         { "00000003", "20000003" }};

        firmRead(firm, firmFolders[firmType][console]);
        decryptExeFs((u8 *)firm);
    }
}

static inline void patchNativeFirm(u32 nandType, u32 emuHeader, u32 a9lhMode)
{
    u8 *arm9Section = (u8 *)firm + section[2].offset;
    u8 *arm11Section1 = (u8 *)firm + section[1].offset;
    
    u32 nativeFirmType;

    if(console)
    {
        //Determine the NATIVE_FIRM version
        switch(arm9Section[0x53])
        {
            case 0xFF:
                nativeFirmType = 0;
                break;
            case '1':
                nativeFirmType = 1;
                break;
            default:
                nativeFirmType = 2;
                break;
        }

        //Decrypt ARM9Bin and patch ARM9 entrypoint to skip arm9loader
        arm9Loader(arm9Section, nativeFirmType);
        firm->arm9Entry = (u8 *)0x801B01C;
    }
    else
    {
        //Determine if we're booting the 9.0 FIRM
        u8 firm90Hash[0x10] = {0x27, 0x2D, 0xFE, 0xEB, 0xAF, 0x3F, 0x6B, 0x3B, 0xF5, 0xDE, 0x4C, 0x41, 0xDE, 0x95, 0x27, 0x6A};
        nativeFirmType = memcmp(section[2].hash, firm90Hash, 0x10) != 0;
    }

    if(nativeFirmType || nandType || a9lhMode == 2)
    {
        //Find the Process9 NCCH location
        u8 *proc9Offset = getProc9(arm9Section, section[2].size);

        //Apply emuNAND patches
        if(nandType) patchEmuNAND(arm9Section, proc9Offset, emuHeader);

        //Apply FIRM reboot patches, not on 9.0 FIRM as it breaks firmlaunchhax
        if(nativeFirmType || a9lhMode == 2) patchReboots(arm9Section, proc9Offset);
    }

    //Apply FIRM0/1 writes patches on sysNAND to protect A9LH
    if(a9lhMode && !nandType) patchFirmWrites(arm9Section, 1);

    //Apply signature checks patches
    u32 sigOffset,
        sigOffset2;

    getSigChecks(arm9Section, section[2].size, &sigOffset, &sigOffset2);
    *(u16 *)sigOffset = sigPatch[0];
    *(u16 *)sigOffset2 = sigPatch[0];
    *((u16 *)sigOffset2 + 1) = sigPatch[1];

    reimplementSvcBackdoor(arm11Section1); //Does nothing if svcBackdoor is still there
    //Replace the FIRM loader with the injector while copying section0
    copySection0AndInjectLoader();
}

static inline void patchEmuNAND(u8 *arm9Section, u8 *proc9Offset, u32 emuHeader)
{
    //Copy emuNAND code
    void *emuCodeOffset = getEmuCode(proc9Offset);
    memcpy(emuCodeOffset, emunand, emunand_size);

    //Add the data of the found emuNAND
    u32 *pos_offset = (u32 *)memsearch(emuCodeOffset, "NAND", emunand_size, 4);
    u32 *pos_header = (u32 *)memsearch(emuCodeOffset, "NCSD", emunand_size, 4);
    *pos_offset = emuOffset;
    *pos_header = emuHeader;

    //Find and add the SDMMC struct
    u32 *pos_sdmmc = (u32 *)memsearch(emuCodeOffset, "SDMC", emunand_size, 4);
    *pos_sdmmc = getSDMMC(arm9Section, section[2].size);

    //Calculate offset for the hooks
    u32 branchOffset = (u32)emuCodeOffset - (u32)firm -
                       section[2].offset + (u32)section[2].address;

    //Add emuNAND hooks
    u32 emuRead,
        emuWrite;

    getEmuRW(arm9Section, section[2].size, &emuRead, &emuWrite);
    *(u16 *)emuRead = nandRedir[0];
    *((u16 *)emuRead + 1) = nandRedir[1];
    *((u32 *)emuRead + 1) = branchOffset;
    *(u16 *)emuWrite = nandRedir[0];
    *((u16 *)emuWrite + 1) = nandRedir[1];
    *((u32 *)emuWrite + 1) = branchOffset;

    //Set MPU for emu code region
    u32 *mpuOffset = getMPU(arm9Section, section[2].size);
    *mpuOffset = mpuPatch[0];
    *(mpuOffset + 6) = mpuPatch[1];
    *(mpuOffset + 9) = mpuPatch[2];
}

static inline void patchReboots(u8 *arm9Section, u8 *proc9Offset)
{
    //Calculate offset for the firmlaunch code
    void *rebootOffset = getReboot(arm9Section, section[2].size);

    //Calculate offset for the fOpen function
    u32 fOpenOffset = getfOpen(proc9Offset, rebootOffset);

    //Copy firmlaunch code
    memcpy(rebootOffset, reboot, reboot_size);

    //Put the fOpen offset in the right location
    u32 *pos_fopen = (u32 *)memsearch(rebootOffset, "OPEN", reboot_size, 4);
    *pos_fopen = fOpenOffset;
}

static inline void reimplementSvcBackdoor(u8 *arm11Section1)
{
    u32 *exceptionsPage = getExceptionVectorsPage(arm11Section1, section[1].size);
    if(exceptionsPage == NULL) return;
    
    u32 low24 = (exceptionsPage[2] & 0x00FFFFFF) << 2;  
    u32 signMask = (u32)(-(low24 >> 25)) & 0xFC000000; //Sign extension     
    int offset = (int)(low24 | signMask) + 8;          //Branch offset + 8 for prefetch     
    
    u32* svcTable = (u32 *)(arm11Section1 + *(u32 *)(arm11Section1 + 0xFFFF0008 + offset - 0xFFF00000 + 8) - 0xFFF00000); //svc handler address
    while(*svcTable != 0) svcTable++; //svc0 = NULL
    
    if(svcTable[0x7B] != 0) return;
       
    u32 *freeSpace = exceptionsPage;
    while(freeSpace < exceptionsPage + 0x400 && (freeSpace[0] != 0xFFFFFFFF || freeSpace[1] != 0xFFFFFFFF))
        freeSpace++;
    
    if(freeSpace >= exceptionsPage + 0x400) return;
    
    //Official implementation of svcBackdoor
    freeSpace[0] = 0xE3CD10FF; //bic   r1, sp, #0xff
    freeSpace[1] = 0xE3811C0F; //orr   r1, r1, #0xf00
    freeSpace[2] = 0xE2811028; //add   r1, r1, #0x28
    freeSpace[3] = 0xE5912000; //ldr   r2, [r1]
    freeSpace[4] = 0xE9226000; //stmdb r2!, {sp, lr}
    freeSpace[5] = 0xE1A0D002; //mov   sp, r2
    freeSpace[6] = 0xE12FFF30; //blx   r0
    freeSpace[7] = 0xE8BD0003; //pop   {r0, r1}
    freeSpace[8] = 0xE1A0D000; //mov   sp, r0
    freeSpace[9] = 0xE12FFF11; //bx    r1
    
    svcTable[0x7B] = 0xFFFF0000 + ((u8 *)freeSpace - (u8 *) exceptionsPage);
}

static inline void copySection0AndInjectLoader(void)
{
    u8 *arm11Section0 = (u8 *)firm + section[0].offset;
    u32 loaderSize;
    u32 loaderOffset = getLoader(arm11Section0, &loaderSize);

    memcpy(section[0].address, arm11Section0, loaderOffset);
    memcpy(section[0].address + loaderOffset, injector, injector_size);
    memcpy(section[0].address + loaderOffset + injector_size, arm11Section0 + loaderOffset + loaderSize, section[0].size - (loaderOffset + loaderSize));
}

static inline void patchLegacyFirm(u32 firmType)
{
    //On N3DS, decrypt ARM9Bin and patch ARM9 entrypoint to skip arm9loader
    if(console)
    {
        arm9Loader((u8 *)firm + section[3].offset, 0);
        firm->arm9Entry = (u8 *)0x801301C;
    }

    const patchData twlPatches[] = {
        {{0x1650C0, 0x165D64}, {{ 6, 0x00, 0x20, 0x4E, 0xB0, 0x70, 0xBD }}, 0},
        {{0x173A0E, 0x17474A}, { .type1 = 0x2001 }, 1},
        {{0x174802, 0x17553E}, { .type1 = 0x2000 }, 2},
        {{0x174964, 0x1756A0}, { .type1 = 0x2000 }, 2},
        {{0x174D52, 0x175A8E}, { .type1 = 0x2001 }, 2},
        {{0x174D5E, 0x175A9A}, { .type1 = 0x2001 }, 2},
        {{0x174D6A, 0x175AA6}, { .type1 = 0x2001 }, 2},
        {{0x174E56, 0x175B92}, { .type1 = 0x2001 }, 1},
        {{0x174E58, 0x175B94}, { .type1 = 0x4770 }, 1}
    },
    agbPatches[] = {
        {{0x9D2A8, 0x9DF64}, {{ 6, 0x00, 0x20, 0x4E, 0xB0, 0x70, 0xBD }}, 0},
        {{0xD7A12, 0xD8B8A}, { .type1 = 0xEF26 }, 1}
    };

    /* Calculate the amount of patches to apply. Only count the boot screen patch for AGB_FIRM
       if the matching option was enabled (keep it as last) */
    u32 numPatches = firmType == 1 ? (sizeof(twlPatches) / sizeof(patchData)) :
                                     (sizeof(agbPatches) / sizeof(patchData) - !CONFIG(6));
    const patchData *patches = firmType == 1 ? twlPatches : agbPatches;

    //Patch
    for(u32 i = 0; i < numPatches; i++)
    {
        switch(patches[i].type)
        {
            case 0:
                memcpy((u8 *)firm + patches[i].offset[console], patches[i].patch.type0 + 1, patches[i].patch.type0[0]);
                break;
            case 2:
                *(u16 *)((u8 *)firm + patches[i].offset[console] + 2) = 0;
            case 1:
                *(u16 *)((u8 *)firm + patches[i].offset[console]) = patches[i].patch.type1;
                break;
        }
    }
}

static inline void patchSafeFirm(void)
{
    u8 *arm9Section = (u8 *)firm + section[2].offset;

    if(console)
    {
        //Decrypt ARM9Bin and patch ARM9 entrypoint to skip arm9loader
        arm9Loader(arm9Section, 0);
        firm->arm9Entry = (u8 *)0x801B01C;
    }

    //Apply FIRM0/1 writes patches to protect A9LH
    patchFirmWrites(arm9Section, console);
}

static void patchFirmWrites(u8 *arm9Section, u32 mode)
{
    if(mode)
    {
        u16 *writeOffset = getFirmWrite(arm9Section, section[2].size);
        *writeOffset = writeBlock[0];
        *(writeOffset + 1) = writeBlock[1];
    }
    else
    {
        u16 *writeOffset = getFirmWriteSafe(arm9Section, section[2].size);
        *writeOffset = writeBlockSafe[0];
        *(writeOffset + 1) = writeBlockSafe[1];
    }
}

static inline void launchFirm(u32 firstSectionToCopy, u32 bootType)
{
    //Copy FIRM sections to respective memory locations
    for(u32 i = firstSectionToCopy; i < 4 && section[i].size; i++)
        memcpy(section[i].address, (u8 *)firm + section[i].offset, section[i].size);

    while(chronoWhenSplashLoaded && chrono() - chronoWhenSplashLoaded < 3 * TICKS_PER_SEC);
    stopChrono();
    
    //Determine the ARM11 entry to use
    vu32 *arm11;
    if(bootType) arm11 = (u32 *)0x1FFFFFFC;
    else
    {
        deinitScreens();
        arm11 = (u32 *)0x1FFFFFF8;
    }

    //Set ARM11 kernel entrypoint
    *arm11 = (u32)firm->arm11Entry;

    //Final jump to ARM9 kernel
    ((void (*)())firm->arm9Entry)();
}